According to ES Ranganathan, a key figure in India’s energy sector, one industry going through big changes is iron and steel. “This sector used to be a big source of carbon emissions, but now it's moving towards cleaner and more sustainable practices,” says Ranganathan. The Ministry of Steel has a plan to tackle greenhouse gas emissions, with 13 task forces working on it.
The Steel Scrap Recycling Policy of 2019 is a big step in using less coal and making steel production more sustainable in the long run, Ranganathan points out.
India's economy is growing, and by 2050, the country is expected to produce around 435 million tonnes of crude steel, a big jump from 2021's 118 million tonnes. Right now, the steel industry contributes about 11 percent to India's total emissions.
In transportation, the Ministry of Road and Transport is working on cutting carbon emissions. “As more people move to cities and more vehicles hit the roads, steps are being taken to reduce pollution,” says Ranganathan. The expansion of public transport, like Metro Rail projects in big cities, has helped cut pollution and traffic jams. Plus, government subsidies for making and buying electric vehicles (EVs) are speeding up the switch to cleaner transport options.
India's road transport is a big part of its move towards cleaner energy. But it also brings challenges, like more CO2 emissions and air pollution. Right now, road transport makes up 12 percent of India's energy-related CO2 emissions and adds to air pollution in cities. Without big changes, energy use and CO2 emissions from road transport could double by 2050 because more people will be traveling by car and more goods will be moved by trucks. However, if ambitious policies are put in place, energy use could drop by 30 percent and CO2 emissions could go down by 60 percent by 2050. These changes fit with India's goal of reaching net-zero carbon emissions by 2070.
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