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Esthesioneuroblastoma, also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is a rare malignant tumor that originates in the upper part of the nasal cavity, near the olfactory nerve responsible for the sense of smell. Though uncommon, this cancer can be aggressive if not detected early, often spreading to nearby structures like the eyes, brain, or lymph nodes.
The exact cause of esthesioneuroblastoma remains unknown, but researchers believe that genetic mutations in olfactory nerve cells may contribute to its development. While no specific lifestyle or environmental factors have been definitively linked to the condition, ongoing studies continue to explore possible triggers.
Symptoms of esthesioneuroblastoma often resemble those of common nasal or sinus conditions, which can delay diagnosis. These include persistent nasal congestion, frequent nosebleeds, and a reduced or lost sense of smell. As the tumor grows, patients may experience facial pain or pressure, swelling around the eyes, double vision, or bulging of one eye. Advanced cases may lead to neurological symptoms like headaches, confusion, or seizures if the tumor invades the brain area.
Due to its slow-growing but invasive nature, early detection is essential. Diagnosis usually involves nasal endoscopy, imaging scans such as MRI or CT, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
Prompt medical attention for persistent nasal symptoms is crucial. Early diagnosis improves treatment success rates and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on the stage and spread of the tumor.
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