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The immune system is the body’s natural defense mechanism, composed of organs, tissues, cells, and proteins that work together to protect against infections, illnesses, and diseases. It plays a critical role in identifying and neutralizing harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins. The system includes two main types of immunity: innate immunity, which provides immediate but general defense, and adaptive immunity, which targets specific threats with long-lasting protection.
When the immune system doesn’t function properly, it can lead to various immune disorders. These are generally classified into three types:
Immunodeficiency disorders – where the immune system is underactive, leading to frequent infections. This can be congenital (from birth) or acquired (due to illness or treatment like chemotherapy).
Autoimmune disorders – where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
Hypersensitivity reactions – where the immune response is exaggerated, such as in allergies and asthma.
Several factors contribute to immune system imbalances, including genetics, stress, poor diet, chronic diseases, infections, and certain medications. Common symptoms of immune disorders include fatigue, frequent infections, slow wound healing, joint pain, skin issues, and digestive problems.
To support a healthy immune system, it’s important to maintain a balanced lifestyle. This includes proper nutrition, regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress management, hydration, and timely vaccinations. Early diagnosis and medical guidance are crucial for managing immune-related conditions effectively.
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